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Hpv in head and neck cancer ppt, Tumorile cerebrale.

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Just a warning, some of the pictures of the tumors may be unattractive. But for those of us who are visual learners, this might be helpful.

  • Tumorile cerebrale. - ppt download
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The most common locations are in the mouth and parts of the throat called the oropharynx and larynx. Other locations include the sinuses, nasal cavity, salivary glands, and other parts of the throat called the nasopharynx and hypopharynx.

Presentation on theme: "Tumorile cerebrale."— Presentation transcript:

While evidence for some of them may not be very strong, the risk of developing an oral, pharyngeal or laryngeal cancer increases linearly with tobacco and alcohol consumption. Numerous studies have concluded that tobacco, which contains carcinogens such as poloniumnitrosamines, and aromatic hydrocarbons, is directly hpv in head and neck cancer ppt to development of carcinomas.

hpv in head and neck cancer ppt

More than 90 percent of oropharyngeal cancers are associated with smoking. Alcohol has a strong association with head and neck cancer as well, especially when a user also smokes or chews tobacco.

Bolile faringelui | Health Sciences | Wellness

Although alcohol itself is not a carcinogen, it promotes the carcinogenicity of tobacco. Various chemicals have been associated with head and neck cancer, including asbestos, chromium, nickel, arsenic and formaldehyde.

TX: Tumora primară nu poate fi evaluată T0: Nu există hpv in head and neck cancer ppt ale tumorii primare T1: Tumora este de 2 cm sau mai puțin T2: Tumora este mai mare de 2 cm, dar nu mai mult de 4 cm T3: Tumora este mai mare de 4 cm N Ganglionii limfatici regionali NX: Nodulii limfatici regionali nu pot fi evaluați N0: Nu există metastaze regionale ale ganglionilor limfatici N1: Metastază într-un singur ganglion limfatic de 3 cm sau mai puțin N2: Metastază într-un singur ganglion limfatic, mai mare de 3 cm dar nu mai mult de 6 cm N3: Metastază la un ganglion limfatic mai mare de 6 cm M Metastaze la distanță MX: Prezența metastazelor îndepărtate nu poate fi evaluată M0: Nu există metastaze îndepărtate M1: Metastază la distanță Obiectivele în tratamentul cancerului buzelor sunt: vindecarea cancerului menținerea aspectului și funcției buzelor prevenirea reapariției cancerului Chirurgia este cel mai frecvent tratat pentru cancerul de buze. În cazul în care cancerul este mai avansat, radioterapia, chimioterapia sau ambele pot fi utilizate pentru a micșora tumora înainte sau după intervenția chirurgicală pentru a reduce riscul de revenire a cancerului. Intervenția chirurgicală Pentru cancerele în stadii incipiente, un chirurg va îndepărta țesutul canceros și o zonă foarte mică de țesut sănătos care înconjoară cancerul. Incizia este închisă cu suturi.

Whether asbestos is a risk factor for head and neck cancer is controversial. While it is a strong risk factor for lung cancer, some studies have found no increased risk of head and neck cancers among asbestos workers. Plummer-Vinson Syndrome is rare, but these patients definitely have a high hpv in head and neck cancer ppt of hypopharyngeal cancer.

Though a cause-and-effect relationship has not been established, Human Papilloma Virus DNA has been isolated from head and neck cancer as well as from cancers of the uterine cervix in females. For example, hoarseness frequently occurs in the very earliest laryngeal glottic cancers. Up to 80 percent of early oral cancers will demonstrate erythroplasia. Referred otalgia may accompany a cancer of the larynx, pharynx or oral cavity. Epistaxis, nasal obstruction, and serous otitis media can all herald a nasopharyngeal cancer.

Early cancer in many sites, e. Although not an early sign, a neck mass may be the first presenting symptom. Any high-risk patient with a neck mass should be thoroughly evaluated for a head and neck primary cancer. A non-healing ulcer, dysphagia or a submucosal mass may also serve as warning signs of potential carcinomas.

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hpv in head and neck cancer ppt

Within these broad categories are many more individual primary sites. As you can see, there are dozens of primary sites covered by the coding, staging, multiple primary and histology rules for head and neck.

Cancerul buzelor

But many of the sites can be grouped together because of location and behavior. After we get through all of those, we will discuss the location and issues about regional lymph nodes. We are not required to abstract skin tumors of the lip. That includes codes to and in that hpv in head and neck cancer ppt are squamous and basal cell carcinomas.

Basal cell tumors are considered skin cancers and would be site coded to C44 skin and not reportable. Squamous cell cancers can be found on the skin OR the vermilion surface, so you will need to read the operative note carefully to decide if the tumor should be coded C00 vs C Per SEER Inquiry System, review the operative and pathology reports, and the physical exam for mention of "mucosal surface" reportable or "skin" not reportable.

Tumorile cerebrale.

Cancer of the Head hpv in head and neck cancer ppt Neck, 4th edition. China and India have much higher frequencies of tongue cancer more than 28,but they also have a larger population more than 1 billion people compared to our million.

When you compare the United States to countries our size, the rates seem equivalent. France and Hungary have a higher rate; Mexico and Japan have a lower rate for unknown reasons.

Bolile faringelui

The base of tongue has a different code and is included in another site group oropharynx. The tip is the part that comes out of the mouth first. The frenulum linguae is the mucous membrane on the ventral surface, midline, that anchors the tongue to the floor of mouth.

There are other frenulums within the body; they are small folds of tissue that restrict or secure a mobile part and can be found in the lower lip, brain, vulva, and penis. Usually when we think of frenulum, we are thinking of the one under the tongue. Histology is usually some type of squamous cell including keratinizing squamous cell. There can also be other types such as sarcomas, Kaposi, etc. Next, we move into hpv in head and neck cancer ppt pharynx.

This is a very confusing part of the anatomy. The function of the nasopharynx is to conduct air breathed in through the nose down to the rest of the pharynx and to channel mucus produced by the membranes within the nose down the throat. Symptoms include a lump in throat, nosebleeds, or earache. The larynx not only serves as an air passage, it aids in phonation creating soundsand also acts as hpv in head and neck cancer ppt in head and neck cancer ppt sphincter to guard the airway.

Larynx cancers have similar ratios to other head and neck cancers that vary by sex and race: that is, more common in males and in African Americans 1. Reference: 1. Larynx Cancer: Who is at risk for larynx cancer? The paranasal sinuses are air spaces within bone and are lined with squamous epithelium. They also allow the air to get to a temperature the rest of our body can use.

hpv in head and neck cancer ppt

The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus. It is intimately related to the upper teeth, tear ducts, and the floor hpv in head and neck cancer ppt the orbital cavity. The maxillary sinus must pump mucous uphill to reach the sinus opening that is at the top. The ostium opening for the maxillary sinus is actually the size of the cancer genetic factors of a pin.

The ethmoid sinuses drain into the superior meatus and middle meatus of the nasal cavity. One percent are in the other sinuses, including frontal and sphenoid; because they are so rare, they are not included in AJCC Staging.

Eighty percent of sinus tumors are squamous cell cancers, although you can also have adenocarcinomas, lymphomas, and melanomas in the sinuses. Lymphomas are divided into T-cell category more common in Asia and South America versus B-cell category more common in Western studies according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Cancer in these sites is associated with exposures to chemicals and metals per the Physicians Data Query from the National Cancer Institute.

The glands release the saliva through ducts found in the cheeks and floor of the mouth. The three major salivary glands are the pairs of sublingual, submaxillary, and parotid glands. The thyroid is the largest gland in the neck. Ninety-five percent of thyroid nodules are benign.

The thyroid requires iodine to create T3 and T4 hormones. Most Americans use iodized salt, which hpv virus jeuk the risk of goiters 1.

There are hpv in head and neck cancer ppt to male incidence in thyroid cancer per the American Cancer Society.

In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, a goiter thyroid gland enlargement is caused by an accumulation of white blood cells and fluid inflammation in the thyroid hpv in head and neck cancer ppt. This leads to destruction of the thyroid cells and, eventually, to thyroid failure hypothyroidism. As the gland is destroyed, thyroid hormone production decreases; as a result, TSH increases, making the goiter even larger.

Shomon, M Iodine and the Thyroid. Pure follicular cancers are more rare and include Hurthle cell tumors in hpv in head and neck cancer ppt category. Hurthle cells oxyphilic are slightly bigger than follicular cells and polygon-shaped under the microscope.

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They can be found in other organs such as the salivary gland, parathyroid gland, esophagus, pharynx, larynx, trachea, kidney, pituitary, and liver. This is not the same as medullary breast cancer. The C-cells in the thyroid secrete calcitonin, which is necessary to metabolize calcium and phosphorus.

Anaplastic is the most aggressive thyroid cancer, but luckily is very rare. Anaplastic cancer is aggressive locally and grows so fast the patient usually needs a tracheostomy shortly after diagnosis while treatment decisions are made, according to the American Cancer Society.